May is a month full of meaningful days, and Teacher's Day [μ€μΉμλ , seu-seung-ui-nal], May 15th, falls right in the middle.
In Korea, students often prepare appreciation events for their teachers on this day. π
While the English expression is 'Teacher's Day,' the Korean word βseu-seung[μ€μΉ]' carries a meaning closer to 'Mentor.'
'seu-seung [μ€μΉ, mentor or master]' and 'seon-saeng [μ μ, teacher]' are similar but have slightly different meanings.
Recently, there have been growing sarcastic voices in Korea, with many saying, "There are many teachers but no true mentors.β
What's the difference between a 'seu-seung[μ€μΉ, mentor]β and a 'seon-saeng[μ μ,teacher]?β And how is this day have a connection to King Sejong the Great?
Explore Korea more deeply with The Pylon Club! π
The meaning of 'Seu-seung' and Teacher's Day
The grace of a mentor is as high as the sky
The more we look up, the higher it seems
Teaching us to be truthful and righteous
A mentor is the parent of our hearts- Lyrics from "Teacher's Grace" song
Korea designates May 15th as Teacher's Day every year. There's even a commemorative song called "Teacher's Grace [μ€μΉμ μν]."
The lyrics seem serious and heavy, referring to mentors as 'parents'. This reflects traditional Korean Confucian values.
βΆTeacher and the heavier word, 'Seuseung.'
In Korean, several terms refer to those who teach children.
Among these, 'seu-seung[μ€μΉ]' is the most profound and heavy.
This native Korean word, used since the 15th century, means a person who leads others with teaching and guidance.
A similar and frequently used term is 'seon-saeng[μ μ]', a Sino-Korean word combining the characters for "ahead or first" (ε ) and "birth or life" (η). It more directly refers to someone who teaches students.
It's also used as a polite form of address for strangers like βsir or maβam.β π (For example, "Excuse me, seon-saeng-nim, could you give me directions?")
There are also specific titles based on where one teaches:
κ°μ¬[Gang-sa]: An instructor at academies or similar institutions *This term shouldn't be used for school teachers!
κ΅μ¬[Gyo-sa]: Usually refers to qualified teachers in elementary, middle, or high schools
κ΅μ[Gyo-su]: A professor who teaches and researches at a university
Importantly, not all teachers are considered 'seu-seung'.
A 'seu-seung' can be found among instructors, professors, or even eeuts.π Koreans might say they've "met a life seu-seung" when they encounter someone who gives them profound insights.
Beyond simply imparting knowledge, a 'seu-seung' in Korea is someone who rightly guides one's life path.
Note: '-nim' is an honorific suffix in Korean that is used to show respect. So when addressing someone, you can say 'seu-seung-nim,' 'seon-saeng-nim,' 'gang-sa-nim,' or 'gyo-su-nim!'
βΆKing, Teacher, Father as One: Don't Even Step on Seu-seung's Shadow
Why does Korea emphasize the role of mentors so much? The reason can be found in the origin of the term.
Seu-seung[μ€μΉ] has been used since the early Joseon Dynasty, which revered Confucianism. One of the key concepts emphasized was 'Gun-sa-bu-il-che[κ΅°μ¬λΆμΌμ²΄, εεΈ«ηΆδΈι«)]'.
It means "the grace of the king, mentor, and father are one."
It places mentors on the same level as the highest person in the country and one's parents. This shows how much importance was placed on teaching and guiding people.
Along with this strict philosophy, there was a saying: "A disciple should walk three steps behind their seu-seung and never step on their shadow." π£π£π£
The Origin of Teacher's Day: King Sejong's Birthday
Korea's Teacher's Day was established in 1965.
This day is also the birthday of King Sejong, who is revered as a mentor to all Koreans.
βΆHunminjeongeum: The Proper Sounds for Instructing the People
When translated to English, νλ―Όμ μ[Hunminjeongeum] means "The Proper Sounds for the Instruction of the People." This was also Sejong's purpose in creating Hangul.
Our country's language is different from that of China and does not fit well with Chinese characters. Thus, many ignorant people cannot adequately express their intent.
I pity this and have newly created 28 letters, hoping that all people may easily learn and use them conveniently in daily life.
- From the Hunminjeongeum Haerye
Long ago, the script used in the Korean peninsula was Chinese characters.
However, the languages spoken by Chinese and Koreans differed in phonology and grammatical structure. As a result, writing was difficult, and only the upper class could read and write.
Sejong created Hangul to break this barrier and allow everyone to write easily. With just 28 letters, it became possible to express the Korean language easily.
From the perspective of creating and teaching a writing system that allows people to express their thoughts properly, Sejong is often chosen as the greatest mentor in Korean history. ππ
βΆKing Sejong's Birthday Becomes an Official Government Commemoration Day This Year
King Sejong's birthday wasn't previously an officially designated government commemoration day. It was only briefly mentioned due to its similarity to Teacher's Day.
However, thanks to continuous petitions, it has been selected as a government commemoration day starting this year. (Unfortunately, it's not a public holiday! π₯²)
According to a 2024 Gallup Korea survey, King Sejong ranked 2nd as "The Most Respected Figure by Koreans"! Admiral Yi Sun-sin, who ranked 1st, already has his birthday (April 28) as a legal commemoration day.
These two figures are the ones whose statues stand firmly in Gwanghwamun Square, Seoul!
Many Teachers, But No Mentors? Deepening Concerns in a Changing Environment
As everyone knows, Korea's educational environment has changed very rapidly and significantly.
Until the early 2000s, referring to school teachers as 'seu-seung' was natural. Teachers also had strong 'educational authority' to discipline students.
However, there were also significant side effects. Some abused their rights, leading to the creation of various laws restricting educational authority.
Conflicts between parents, students, and teachers are intensifying in this changing environment. However, protecting students and respecting teachers' rights as mentors are equally important issues.
βΆPunishment and 'Chonji' Under the Name of Discipline
It was common for teachers to resort to hitting students in the name of 'disciplineβ until the early 2000s. The meaning of respecting teachers became distorted, giving them excessive authority.
In 2011, the Enforcement Decree of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act was revised, making direct corporal punishment in schools 'legally prohibited'.
The same goes for 'μ΄μ§[Chon-ji]'. Chonji originally referred to a small gift given with sincere feelings.
However, it is now often used as a way to refer to money given as a bribe to gain favor. Many teachers demanded chonji from parents, which caused problems like mistreating students whose parents didn't provide it.
This wasn't just an issue in education. In 2016, the government implemented the Kim Young-ran Act (Improper Solicitation and Graft Act) to eliminate improper solicitation.
According to this law, public officials, journalists, educators, etc. can only receive food or gifts worth 50,000 won or less. There are different standards for agricultural products or congratulatory/condolence money.
Because these restrictions are strict and somewhat complex, many teachers nowadays inform students in advance that they won't accept any gifts on Teacher's Day.
βΆHas Teachers' Authority Hit Rock Bottom? Nearly 60% of Elementary School Teachers Want to Change Jobs
According to the 2024 Report on Educational Rights Protection and Teacher Counseling Activities, 504 cases of violation on teachers' rights were reported last year. Among these, 'damage caused by parents' accounted for 41.3% (208 cases), the highest proportion.
The most common type of parental violation was related to 'student guidance' (68.8%), with 80 cases involving teachers seeking help after being reported for child abuse.
For example, one teacher instructed a problematic student who was bullying classmates to stay seated during break time. The student's parent reported the teacher to the police for child abuse, claiming "the child developed heat rash on their buttocks and had bedwetting at night." The teacher was later found not guilty in court.
Of the 80 cases of student-inflicted damage, 77.5% (62 cases) targeted female teachers.
The most common type of harm was verbal abuse and insults (23 cases), while physical violence increased to 19 cases, more than doubling from the previous year. All but one of these cases involved female teachers as victims.
Many educators express that "teachers' authority has hit rock bottom." Coupled with this situation, teachers' job satisfaction and retention rates are also declining.
According to a 2024 Seoul Education Research & Information Institute survey, about 60% of elementary school teachers (with 0-13 years of experience) expressed a desire to change jobs.
***
Korean society is undergoing various upheavals as it rapidly develops.
The conflicts surrounding the educational environment is ongoing issue that must be addressed through continued dialogue.
Does your country commemorate Teachers' Day? And do you have a special word like "seu-seung [μ€μΉ]" in your language?
Share your story with The Pylon Club. π
<KR>
μ΄μ μ¬λ¬λΆ, μλ νμΈμ.
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λνμΌλ‘ ν΄λ½κ³Ό ν¨κ» νκ΅μ λν΄ λ κΉμ΄ νꡬν΄λ³΄μΈμ! π
βμ€μΉβμ μλ―Έμ Teacherβs Day
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βΆκ΅°μ¬λΆμΌμ²΄: μ€μΉμ κ·Έλ¦Όμλ λ°μ§ λ§λΌ
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βΆνλ―Όμ μ: λ°±μ±μ κ°λ₯΄μΉλ λ°λ₯Έ μ리
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βΆκ΅κΆμ΄ λ μ λ¨μ΄μ‘λ€? μ΄μ§ μνλ μ΄λ±κ΅μ¬ 60%μ λ¬ν΄
2024λ λ κ΅κΆλ³΄νΈ λ° κ΅μ§μλ΄ νλ μ€μ λ³΄κ³ μμ λ°λ₯΄λ©΄, μ§λν΄ μ μλ κ΅κΆμΉ¨ν΄λ 504건μ΄μμ΅λλ€. μ΄ μ€ βνλΆλͺ¨μ μν νΌν΄βκ° 41.3%(208건)λ‘ κ°μ₯ λ§μλλ°μ.
νλΆλͺ¨ κ΅κΆμΉ¨ν΄ μ ν μ€ 1μλ β νμμ§λβ(68.8%) λ‘, μ΄ μ€ 80건μ μλνλλ‘ μ κ³ λ₯Ό λΉνλ€λ©° λμμ μμ²ν μ¬λ‘μμ΅λλ€. μΌλ‘λ‘, ν κ΅μ¬λ κ°μ λ° νμμ κ΄΄λ‘νλ λ± λ¬Έμ νλμ νλ νμμκ² μ¬λμκ°μ μ리μ μμ μλλ‘ μ§λνμ΅λλ€. νμμ νλΆλͺ¨λ βμμ΄ μλ©μ΄μ λλ κ° μκΈ°κ³ λ°€μ μλ³ μ€μλ₯Ό νλ€βλ©° κ΅μ¬λ₯Ό κ²½μ°°μ μλνλλ‘ μ κ³ νμ£ . κ΅μ¬λ μ΄ν μ¬νμμ 무νμλ₯Ό λ°μμ΅λλ€.
νμμ μν νΌν΄ 80건 μ€ 77.5%(62건)λ μ¬μ± κ΅μ¬ λμμ΄μμ΅λλ€. κ°μ₯ λ§μ νΌν΄ μ νμ νμΈΒ·μμ€(23건)μ΄μκ³ , ννμ 19건μΌλ‘ μ λ λλΉ 2λ°° λκ² λμμ£ . μ΄ μ€ 1건μ μ μΈν 18건μ μ¬κ΅μ¬κ° νΌν΄λ₯Ό μ μμ΅λλ€.
λ§μ κ΅μ§μλ€μ β**κ΅κΆμ΄ λ μ λ¨μ΄μ‘λ€β**κ³ νννκ³ μμ΅λλ€. μ΄λ° μν©κ³Ό λ§λ¬Όλ € κ΅μ¬λ€μ μ§μ λ§μ‘±λμ μ¬μ§μ¨λ ν¨κ» νκ°νκ³ μμ΅λλ€. 2024λ μμΈμκ΅μ‘μ²κ΅μ‘μ°κ΅¬μ 보μμ μ‘°μ¬μ λ°λ₯΄λ©΄, μ΄λ±κ΅μ¬(κ²½λ ₯ 0~13λ μ°¨)μ κ²½μ° μ΄μ§ μν₯μ΄ μλ μ¬λμ΄ 60%μ λ¬νμ΅λλ€.
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νκ΅ μ¬νλ κΈκ²©νκ² λ°μ νλ©° μ¬λ¬ 격λμ κ±°μΉκ³ μλλ°μ.
κ΅μ‘ νκ²½μ κ°λ± λν κ³μν΄μ μλ‘ μ΄μΌκΈ°ν΄λκ°λ©° νμ΄μΌ ν μμ μΌ κ² κ°μ΅λλ€.
μ¬λ¬λΆμ λͺ¨κ΅μμλ μ€μΉμ λ μ κΈ°λ νλμ? κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ 'μ€μΉ'κ³Ό κ°μ΄ νΉλ³ν λ¨μ΄κ° μλμ?
λνμΌλ‘ ν΄λ½μ μ¬λ¬λΆμ μ΄μΌκΈ°λ₯Ό λλμ΄λ³΄μΈμ. π